Tisha B’Av and Other Fasts הלכות תשעה באב ושאר תעניות
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549The Four Public FastsSiman 549 · 2 seifim
- 1.Zechariah states: "Thus says Hashem of Hosts: the fast…
- 2.Five events occurred on the seventeenth of Tammuz: the…
550Differences Between Tisha B'Av and the Other FastsSiman 550 · 52 seifim
- 1.Everyone is obligated in these four fasts and may…
- 2.The fasts begin at dawn, seventy-two proportional minutes before…
- 3.One who has a settled sleep in bed on…
- 4.Torah scholars and teachers of children must observe every…
- 5.Bathing, anointing, leather shoes, and marital relations are permitted…
- 6.When the seventeenth of Tammuz, Tisha B'Av, or the…
- 7.On the Shabbat before the seventeenth of Tammuz or…
- 8.Shopkeepers should not provide food to people eating on…
- 9.A pregnant woman does not fast on the seventeenth…
- 10.A nursing woman is exempt from the Fast of…
- 11.Some similarly exempt a woman for twenty-four months after…
- 12.A non-dangerously ill person is exempt from all these…
- 13.Frail elderly people who suffer from fasting are exempt…
- 14.A woman within thirty days after childbirth has the…
- 15.A boy under thirteen years and one day and…
- 16.A groom during sheva berachot, as well as a…
- 17.Participants in a brit and a groom may not…
- 18.Those who fast on their wedding day may not…
- 19.An exempt ill or elderly person needs no formal…
- 20.One should not rinse the mouth upon waking on…
- 21.A fasting person may taste up to a revi'it,…
- 22.A healthy fasting person needing pills for a headache…
- 23.It is permitted to smoke on the days of…
- 24.Sweetened chewing gum is forbidden on a fast. Completely…
- 25.One who forgot and ate on a public fast…
- 26.One who mistakenly blessed over food or drink on…
- 27.An individual on a public fast recites Aneinu in…
- 28.On Tisha B'Av, an individual recites Aneinu even at…
- 29.After Aneinu, an individual concludes Shome'a Tefillah, not "Who…
- 30.If one omitted Aneinu and already said "Baruch Atah…
- 31.An individual reciting the silent Amidah together with the…
- 32.One observing a private fast who arrived late for…
- 33.On the four public fasts named in Scripture—the seventeenth…
- 34.If the prayer leader omitted Aneinu before Refa'einu and…
- 35.The prayer leader ordinarily recites Aneinu separately only when…
- 36.If six or seven fasting people are present but…
- 37.When Mincha time on a fast is too short…
- 38.A prayer leader who is not fasting should not…
- 39.At Shacharit and Mincha on the four scriptural public…
- 40.Some read Dirshu Hashem as the Mincha haftarah. Sephardic…
- 41.A Sephardi attending an Ashkenazic synagogue at Mincha on…
- 42.If a congregation mistakenly began the weekly portion at…
- 43.Vayechal may be read publicly only when six or…
- 44.One not fasting because of illness or similar reason…
- 45.A non-fasting prayer leader who reads the Torah may…
- 46.Traditionally, two people stood beside the prayer leader during…
- 47.Kohanim recite Birkat Kohanim at Mincha on a public…
- 48.A kohen who is not fasting should not recite…
- 49.If Mincha continues after sunset, kohanim may recite Birkat…
- 50.At optional fasts such as the seventh of Adar…
- 51.The widespread Israeli custom is to wear tefillin on…
- 52.According to the strict law, a chuppah may be…
551Customs of the Three WeeksSiman 551 · 14 seifim
- 1.Some do not hold weddings at all from the…
- 2.According to the strict law, a wedding may be…
- 3.Tena'im may be held after Rosh Chodesh Av, but…
- 4.Those who listen during the year to recorded praise…
- 5.Singers who record their music should label recordings against…
- 6.Although sacred instrumental music is generally permitted during the…
- 7.A Jew whose livelihood depends on playing instruments, knows…
- 8.The prohibition against filling one's mouth with laughter is…
- 9.The custom is to avoid new fruit from the…
- 10.One who forgot during the Three Weeks that a…
- 11.A baby's father reciting Shehecheyanu at a brit during…
- 12.It is proper to avoid Shehecheyanu on new fruit…
- 13.A new fruit that may be unavailable or lose…
- 14.One who mistakenly ate a new fruit during the…
+Laws Beginning with Rosh Chodesh AvSiman 551 (continued) · 13 seifim
- 1.When Av begins, joy is reduced. A Jew in…
- 2.From Rosh Chodesh Av until the fast, celebratory commerce…
- 3.It would be proper to reduce even ordinary commerce,…
- 4.Celebratory construction is reduced from Rosh Chodesh Av through…
- 5.A synagogue may be built even with decorative work…
- 6.One should be stringent not to plaster or paint…
- 7.Construction of a needed residence may begin even after…
- 8.A safety railing may be built even on Tisha…
- 9.Although strict law permits one who has not fulfilled…
- 10.As explained, vocal singing is not strictly forbidden during…
- 11.Sephardim may strictly have haircuts and shave during the…
- 12.Even those who refrain from haircuts from the seventeenth…
- 13.When Rosh Chodesh Av falls on Shabbat, our custom…
+Eating Meat Beginning with Rosh Chodesh AvEating Meat Beginning with Rosh Chodesh Av · 25 seifim
- 1.Jerusalem custom is not to eat meat from Rosh…
- 2.Meat may be eaten after Rosh Chodesh at a…
- 3.The mohel, sandak, and baby's father may eat meat…
- 4.At a delayed circumcision performed as soon as the…
- 5.A Torah scholar who regularly makes a meal upon…
- 6.Some customarily serve only fish at a mitzvah meal.…
- 7.A Torah scholar who does not ordinarily hold a…
- 8.One who completes a Mishnah tractate with Rabbi Ovadiah's…
- 9.Participants in a siyum or mitzvah meal need no…
- 10.Some permit leftover meat from Shabbat Chazon or Rosh…
- 11.Children below mitzvah age may be given meat after…
- 12.Poultry has the same law as animal meat and…
- 13.Canned, salted, and frozen meat have the same law…
- 14.Strict law permits a dish in which lean meat…
- 15.A meatless dish cooked in a meat pot used…
- 16.On Friday before Shabbat Chazon, one may taste a…
- 17.A non-dangerously ill person may eat meat during the…
- 18.A recovered patient sent by doctors to convalesce may…
- 19.A pregnant woman suffering greatly, a weak nursing mother,…
- 20.An ill person permitted to eat meat needs no…
- 21.A healthy person who mistakenly blessed over meat after…
- 22.It is permitted for a Jew who owns a…
- 23.Animals may be slaughtered during these days when restricting…
- 24.Some refrain from wine during the week of Tisha…
- 25.A proper custom avoids meat and wine on the…
+The Week in Which Tisha B'Av FallsSiman 551 (continued) · 25 seifim
- 1.Haircuts and shaving are forbidden during the week of…
- 2.When a brit occurs during the Three Weeks, the…
- 3.If the brit falls during the week of Tisha…
- 4.Some permit a groom during sheva berachot to cut…
- 5.Men and women may comb head and beard hair…
- 6.Some prohibit cutting nails that week; others permit it,…
- 7.It is forbidden by rabbinic enactment to launder during…
- 8.A bed may not be made with clean sheets…
- 9.Adults may not wash children's clothing during the week.…
- 10.When Tisha B'Av falls on Shabbat and the fast…
- 11.When Tisha B'Av falls on Shabbat, it is good…
- 12.Shoes may be polished during the week; this does…
- 13.Some refrain from hot bathing from Rosh Chodesh, others…
- 14.Strict law permits sea bathing during the week, and…
- 15.Pious people who regularly immerse after a seminal emission…
- 16.Hot bathing for medical need is permitted during the…
- 17.Some places refrain from washing floors from Rosh Chodesh…
- 18.Sewing and cutting new clothing are forbidden during the…
- 19.A poor professional tailor who would lack food without…
- 20.A shoemaker may not make new shoes during the…
- 21.New clothing and shoes may not be bought. Rubber…
- 22.New shirts and socks may not be worn during…
- 23.Shoe or clothing factories unable to stop employees during…
- 24.A laundry unable to close during the week for…
- 25.Wood beams for furniture or construction may be bought…
+The Laws of Shabbat ChazonSiman 551 (continued) · 4 seifim
- 1.Some Ashkenazim do not wear Shabbat clothing on Shabbat…
- 2.Even in those places where Ashkenazim are accustomed not…
- 3.Places that recite a kinah on Shabbat Chazon should…
- 4.On Shabbat Chazon, even when it is Tisha B'Av…
+The Eve of Tisha B'Av and the Final MealSiman 551 (continued) · 18 seifim
- 1.Some study after midday on the eve of Tisha…
- 2.One should not take recreational outings on the eve…
- 3.On erev Tisha B'Av after midday one should not…
- 4.The Sages prohibited two cooked dishes at the final…
- 5.Two eggs, one hard and one soft enough to…
- 6.A food normally eaten raw counts as cooked when…
- 7.Ingredients ordinarily combined throughout the year—peas, onions, beaten eggs,…
- 8.Those eating lentils followed by boiled eggs act incorrectly…
- 9.Any number of raw fruits may be eaten. Pickled…
- 10.Strict law treats tomato and vegetable salad as raw…
- 11.Cheese is treated as raw fruit and not a…
- 12.Some prohibit coffee or tea in addition to another…
- 13.The custom is to sit on the ground at…
- 14.Shoes need not be removed during the meal.
- 15.Three people should avoid eating together so they do…
- 16.Before midday, two dishes are permitted even if one…
- 17.Vidui and Nefilat Apayim are omitted at Mincha on…
- 18.A United States resident who eats the final meal…
554Activities Forbidden on Tisha B'AvSiman 554 · 20 seifim
- 1.Eating, drinking, bathing, anointing, leather shoes, and marital relations…
- 2.One who explicitly accepted verbally not to eat after…
- 3.It is fitting and proper to be stringent not…
- 4.Bathing in hot or cold water is forbidden; even…
- 5.Hands soiled with mud or excrement may be washed…
- 6.A kohen washes the entire hand for Birkat Kohanim,…
- 7.Women cooking and rinsing vegetables may let their hands…
- 8.One with sores on the head may apply ointment…
- 9.Leather shoes are forbidden to men and women. Cloth,…
- 10.Shoes remain forbidden throughout the day until nightfall. The…
- 11.Some permit wooden shoes having a leather strap.
- 12.One who forgot to buy rubber shoes may buy…
- 13.On the day of Tisha B'Av it is forbidden…
- 14.Even mentally contemplating understood Torah is forbidden because the…
- 15.The obligation of Torah study remains on Tisha B'Av,…
- 16.One who develops Torah insights and fears forgetting before…
- 17.Schoolchildren ordinarily do not study. Some permit teaching them…
- 18.The entire daily prayer order may be recited, including…
- 19.Tehillim should not be recited, though a lenient view…
- 20.One may pass an object directly to a wife…
+Those Obligated to FastThose Obligated to Fast · 13 seifim
- 1.Everyone must fast on Tisha B'Av, including pregnant and…
- 2.A non-dangerously ill person is exempt. One recovered but…
- 3.An actively nursing woman normally fasts. If the baby…
- 4.Children below mitzvah age are exempt and are not…
- 5.Ill, pregnant, nursing, and other exempt people who eat…
- 6.A dangerously ill person eating must wash the full…
- 7.In Israel, the mohel, sandak, and baby's father may…
- 8.Greetings are not exchanged. An uninformed person who greets…
- 9.One should not stroll outdoors lest it lead to…
- 10.Work follows local custom. Jewish custom everywhere known is…
- 11.Groceries and vegetables may be sold throughout the day.…
- 12.Loss-preventing labor is permitted as on Chol HaMoed.
- 13.An animal may be milked because failure would cause…
555Tzitzit and Tefillin on Tisha B'AvSiman 555 · 2 seifim
- 1.Jerusalem custom is to pray Shacharit publicly in tallit…
- 2.Those who wear Rabbeinu Tam tefillin daily must do…
+Additional Tisha B'Av CustomsAdditional Tisha B'Av Customs · 5 seifim
- 1.There are women who are accustomed to sweep the…
- 2.The fast ends about twenty minutes after sunset. There…
- 3.Birkat HaLevanah is recited after Tisha B'Av when it…
- 4.Proper custom avoids meat and wine on the night…
- 5.The preceding stringency concerns meat, not bathing or haircuts.…
556Tisha B'Av Beginning Saturday NightSiman 556 · 9 seifim
- 1.When Tisha B'Av falls on Shabbat, mourning practices do…
- 2.When the fast is Sunday, any subject may be…
- 3.When it begins Saturday night, Tzidkatecha is omitted at…
- 4.Leather shoes may remain on after Shabbat until Barechu…
- 5.When removing shoes after Barechu, one should use one…
- 6.After Shabbat and before Eikhah, Borei Me'orei HaEsh is…
- 7.An ill person permitted to eat must first recite…
- 8.Since Havdalah over wine cannot be recited Saturday night,…
- 9.If a boy was under bar mitzvah age on…
557Nachem and Aneinu in Tisha B'Av PrayersSiman 557 · 4 seifim
- 1.Jerusalem custom is for individuals to recite Nachem in…
- 2.The text of Nachem should not be altered. The…
- 3.An individual who is fasting together with the congregation…
- 4.An individual who mistakenly concluded Shome'a Tefillah with "Who…
559The Order of Prayers on Tisha B'AvSiman 559 · 26 seifim
- 1.On Tisha B'Av night and day until Mincha, people…
- 2.Some say one may not walk completely barefoot on…
- 3.One may sit on cushions or a low bench…
- 4.There remains a mitzvah to stand for a Torah…
- 5.Traditionally only one light was lit at night for…
- 6.During Kinot, one may not talk or go outside,…
- 7.Kaddish Titkabbal is customarily omitted at night because the…
- 8.All morning blessings are recited, including SheAsah Li Kol…
- 9.Some replace the Song at the Sea with Ha'azinu,…
- 10.Three people read Ki Tolid Banim from the Torah,…
- 11.Some permit an ill person who eats to receive…
- 12.A person customarily receiving the Shacharit aliyah and haftarah…
- 13.Kaddish after Torah reading is postponed until the haftarah…
- 14.After the morning haftarah, Ashrei and Uva LeTzion are…
- 15.Consoling verses at a kinah's end should be skipped,…
- 16.Vidui and Nefilat Apayim are omitted because Tisha B'Av…
- 17.When a brit occurs, some say it is proper…
- 18.At a brit, the blessing over wine is recited…
- 19.At Mincha, ordinary benches may be used as throughout…
- 20.The three people who received aliyot in the morning…
- 21.Food for after the fast is customarily not prepared…
- 22.One whose severe sins traditionally require penitential fasts should…
- 23.It is pious to fast on a Torah scholar's…
- 24.When a Torah scroll falls, those who witness it…
- 25.When the tenth of Tevet falls Friday, the fast…
- 26.Tu B'Av is a festival; Vidui and Nefilat Apayim…